- Corpus Christi
Enviado em 3 de jun de 2010
A origem da Solenidade do Corpo e Sangue de Cristo remonta ao Século XIII. A Igreja Católica sentiu necessidade de realçar a presença real do "Cristo todo" no pão consagrado. A Festa de Corpus Christi foi instituída pelo Papa Urbano IV com a Bula ‘Transiturus’ de 11 de agosto de 1264, para ser celebrada na quinta-feira após a Festa da Santíssima Trindade, que acontece no domingo depois de Pentecostes.
O Papa Urbano IV foi o cônego Tiago Pantaleão de Troyes, arcediago do Cabido Diocesano de Liège na Bélgica, que recebeu o segredo das visões da freira agostiniana, Juliana de Mont Cornillon, que exigiam uma festa da Eucaristia no Ano Litúrgico. Conta a história que um sacerdote chamado Pedro de Praga, de costumes irrepreensíveis, vivia angustiado por dúvidas sobre a presença de Cristo na Eucaristia. Decidiu então ir em peregrinação ao túmulo dos apóstolos Pedro e Paulo em Roma, para pedir o Dom da fé. Ao passar por Bolsena (Itália), enquanto celebrava a Santa Missa, foi novamente acometido da dúvida. Na hora da Consagração veio-lhe a resposta em forma de milagre: a Hóstia branca transformou-se em carne viva, respingando sangue, manchando o corporal, os sangüíneos e as toalhas do altar sem no entanto manchar as mãos do sacerdote, pois, a parte da Hóstia que estava entre seus dedos, conservou as características de pão ázimo. Por solicitação do Papa Urbano IV, que na época governava a igreja, os objetos milagrosos foram para Orviedo em grande procissão, sendo recebidos solenemente por sua santidade e levados para a Catedral de Santa Prisca. Esta foi a primeira procissão do Corporal Eucarístico. A 11 de agosto de 1264, o Papa lançou de Orviedo para o mundo católico através da bula Transiturus do Mundo o preceito de uma festa com extraordinária solenidade em honra do Corpo do Senhor.
A festa de Corpus Christi foi decretada em 1264. O decreto de Urbano IV teve pouca repercussão, porque o Papa morreu em seguida. Mas se propagou por algumas igrejas, como na diocese de Colônia na Alemanha, onde Corpus Christi é celebrada desde antes de 1270. A procissão surgiu em Colônia e difundiu-se primeiro na Alemanha, depois na França e na Itália. Em Roma é encontrada desde 1350.
A Eucaristia é um dos sete sacramentos e foi instituído na Última Ceia, quando Jesus disse: ‘Este é o meu corpo...isto é o meu sangue... fazei isto em memória de mim’. Porque a Eucaristia foi celebrada pela 1ª vez na Quinta-Feira Santa, Corpus Christi se celebra sempre numa quinta-feira após o domingo da Santíssima Trindade. Corpus Christi é celebrado 60 dias ápos a páscoa.
A Festa no Brasil
Em muitas cidades portuguesas e brasileiras é costume ornamentar as ruas por onde passa a procissão com tapetes de colorido vivo e desenhos de inspiração religiosa. Esta festividade de longa data se constitui uma tradição no Brasil, principalmente nas cidades históricas, que se revestem de práticas antigas e tradicionais e que são embelezadas com decorações de acordo com costumes locais.
Em Pirenópolis, Goiás, é uma tradição os tapetes de serragem colorida e flores do cerrado, cobrindo as ruas por onde passa-se a procissão de Corpus Christi, também efeita-se 5 altares para a adoração do Santíssimo Sacramento, e execussão do cântico latino Tamtum Ergo Sacramentum, esta procissão é acompanhada pela Irmandade do Santíssimo Sacramento e pela Orquestra e Coral Nossa Senhora do Rosário. É neste dia que o Imperador do Divino recebe a coroa, para a realização da Festa do Divino de Pirenópolis, do ano seguinte.
Em Castelo, no estado do Espírito Santo, as ruas são decoradas com enormes tapetes coloridos formados por flores, serragem colorida e grãos. Em São Paulo, o município de Matão é famoso por seus tapetes coloridos feitos de vidro moído, serragem e flores que formam uma cruz no centro da cidade. A cidade de Mariana - MG comemora a festa de Corpus Christi enfeitando as ruas com tapetes de serragem e pinturas. Jaguáriúna - SP, Santo André -SP, Santana de Parnaíba - SP, São Joaquim da Barra - SP e Jacobina - BA também seguem o mesmo estilo, as ruas ao redor da matriz são enfeitadas com serragem, raspa de couro, areias coloridas, tudo o que a criatividade proporciona para este dia santo. Em Caieiras - SP a Juventude da Cidade promove com sua criatividade tapetes que se estendem no trajeto da procissão deste solene dia, desde a Igreja Matriz de Santo Antonio até a igreja de São Francisco de Assis, este trabalho dura doze horas e é coroado com a procissão luminosa em torno ao Santíssimo Sacramento.
Em Porto Ferreira - SP, a festa tem como finalidade a partilha, em comunhão com as três paróquias da cidade, é arrecado alimentos que vão servir para os enfeites nas ruas por onde o Santíssimo Sacramento irá passar, e após a solenidade serão doados a famílias que são assistidas por pastorais, como a Pastoral da Criança e Pastoral da Saúde, que realmente necessitem. Esta iniciativa perdura desde 2008.
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